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The Explorers of Mauna Kea
Grades 5-12
Witness the volcanic fires and plate tectonics that formed Hawaii millions of years ago. Then, visit the telescopes on Mauna Kea today to view supernovas, comets, galaxy formation, extra solar planets, and more.
CT - Grades 3-5 Core Scientific Inquiry, Literacy and Numeracy
SCIENTIFIC LITERACY: Scientific literacy includes speaking, listening, presenting, interpreting, reading and writing about science.
B INQ. 2 - Seek relevant information in books, magazines and electronic media.
5.1 - Sound and light are forms of energy.
B19. Describe how light is absorbed and/or reflected by different surfaces.
5.3 - Most objects in the solar system are in a regular and predictable motion.
B22. Explain the cause of day and night based on the rotation of Earth on its axis.
5.4 - Humans have the capacity to build and use tools to advance the quality of their lives.
B25. Describe the uses of different instruments, such as eye glasses, magnifiers, periscopes and telescopes, to enhance our vision.
MA – Earth and Space Science, Grades 3 – 5
Earth’s History
12. Give examples of how the surface of the earth changes due to slow processes such as erosion and weathering, and rapid processes such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.
The Earth in the Solar System
13. Recognize that the earth is part of a system called the “solar system” that includes the sun (a star), planets, and many moons. The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system.
14. Recognize that the earth revolves around (orbits) the sun in a year’s time and that the earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours. Make connections between the rotation of the earth and day/night, and the apparent movement of the sun, moon, and stars across the sky.
MA – Physical Science (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 3 – 5
Light Energy
12. Recognize that light energy travels in a straight line until it strikes and object or travels from one medium to another, and that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
NY – Standard 4 – Science (Elementary)
Physical Setting
1. The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
Students:
- describe patterns of daily, monthly, and seasonal changes in their environment.
2. Many of the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components of air, water, and land.
Students:
- describe the relationships among air, water, and land on Earth.
5. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
Students:
- describe the effects of common forces (pushes and pulls) on objects, such as those caused by gravity, magnetism, and mechanical forces.
- describe how forces can operate across distances.
CT - Grades 6-8 Core Scientific Inquiry, Literacy and Numeracy
7.3 - Landforms are the result of the interaction of constructive and destructive forces over time.
C19. Explain how glaciation, weathering and erosion create and shape valleys and floodplains.
C20. Explain how the boundaries of tectonic plates can be inferred from the location of earthquakes and volcanoes.
8.3 - The solar system is composed of planets and other objects that orbit the sun.
C28. Explain the effect of gravity on the orbital movement of planets in the solar system.
C29. Explain how the regular motion and relative position of the sun, Earth and moon affect the seasons, phases of the moon and eclipses.
MA – Earth and Space Science, Grades 6 – 8
Earth’s History
5. Describe how the movement of the earth’s crustal plates causes both slow changes in the earth’s surface (e.g., formation of mountains and ocean basins) and rapid ones (e.g., volcanic eruptions and earthquakes).
6. Describe and give examples of ways in which the earth’s surface is built up and torn down by natural processes, including deposition of sediments, rock formation, erosion, and weathering.
7. Explain and give examples of how physical evidence, such as fossils and surface features of glaciation, supports theories that the earth has evolved over geologic time.
The Earth in the Solar System
8. Recognize that gravity is a force that pulls all things on and near the earth toward the center of the earth. Gravity plays a major role in the formation of the planets, stars, and solar system and in determining their motions.
10. Compare and contrast properties and conditions of objects in the solar system (i.e., sun, planets, and moons) to those on Earth (i.e., gravitational force, distance from the sun, speed, movement, temperature, and atmospheric conditions).
12. Recognize that the universe contains many billions of galaxies, and that each galaxy contains many billions of stars.
NY – Standard 4 – Science (Intermediate)
Physical Setting
1. The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
Students:
- explain daily, monthly, and seasonal changes on earth.
2. Many of the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components of air, water, and land.
Students:
- explain how the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and lithosphere (land) interact, evolve, and change.
- describe volcano and earthquake patterns, the rock cycle, and weather and climate changes.
5. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
Students:
- describe different patterns of motion of objects.
CT – Grade 9, Strand III: Global Interdependence
9.7 - Elements on Earth move among reservoirs in the solid earth, oceans, atmosphere and organisms as part of biogeochemical cycles.
D21. Explain how internal energy of the Earth causes matter to cycle through the magma and the solid earth.
CT – High School Earth Science
Earth’s Place in the Universe
- The differences and similarities among the sun, the terrestrial planets and the gas planets may have been established during the formation of the solar system.
- Evidence from Earth and moon rocks indicates that the solar system was formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas approximately 4.6 billion years ago.
- The sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium.
- Asteroids and meteorites had a significant role in shaping the surface of planets and their moons and in mass extinctions of life on Earth.
- The solar system is located in an outer edge of the disc-shaped Milky Way galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years.
- Galaxies are made of billions of stars and comprise most of the visible mass of the universe.
- Visual, radio and X-ray telescopes may be used to collect data that reveal those differences in the life cycles of stars.
- The "big bang" model suggests that the universe has been expanding for 10 to 20 billion years.
Dynamic Earth Processes
- Features of the ocean floor, as well as the shape and rock composition of the major plates, provide evidence of plate tectonics.
- Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are the result of the movement of matter and energy within the Earth.
- The properties of rocks and minerals can be explained based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they were formed, including plate tectonic processes.
MA – Earth and Space Science, High School
3. Earth Processes and Cycles
Central Concepts: Earth is a dynamic interconnected system. The evolution of Earth has been driven by interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Over geologic time, the internal motions of Earth have continuously altered the topography and geography of the continents and ocean basins by both constructive and destructive processes.
3.10 Relate earthquakes, volcanic activity, tsunamis, mountain building, and tectonic uplift to plate movements.
4. The Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Central Concepts: The origin of the universe, between 14 and 15 billion years ago, still remains one of the greatest questions in science. Gravity influences the formation and life cycles of galaxies, including our own Milky Way Galaxy; stars; planetary systems; and residual material left from the creation of the solar system.
4.1 Explain the Big Bang Theory and discuss the evidence that supports it, such as background radiation and relativistic Doppler effect (i.e., “red shift”).
4.2 Describe the influence of gravity and inertia on the rotation and revolution of orbiting bodies. Explain the Sun-Earth-moon relationships (e.g., day, year, solar/lunar eclipses, tides).
4.3 Explain how the Sun, Earth, and solar system formed from a nebula of dust and gas in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy about 4.6 billion years ago.
NY – Standard 4 – Science (Commencement)
Physical Setting
1. The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
Students:
- explain complex phenomena, such as tides, variations in day length, solar insolation, apparent motion of the planets, and annual traverse of the constellations.
- describe current theories about the origin of the universe and solar system.
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