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Sun, Earth, Moon
Grades 3-12
Explore the relationship between the Sun, the Earth and our Moon. Learn why the Sun rises and sets, how the position of the Earth and Sun relative to each other creates seasons, what causes the phases of the Moon. Hear stories about the Sun and Moon from the Native American, Egyptians and other cultures.
CT - Grades 3-5 Core Scientific Inquiry, Literacy and Numeracy
SCIENTIFIC LITERACY: Scientific literacy includes speaking, listening, presenting, interpreting, reading and writing about science.
B INQ. 2 - Seek relevant information in books, magazines and electronic media.
4.1 - The position and motion of objects can be changed by pushing or pulling.
B8. Describe the effects of the strengths of pushes and pulls on the motion of objects.
5.1 - Sound and light are forms of energy.
B19. Describe how light is absorbed and/or reflected by different surfaces.
5.3 - Most objects in the solar system are in a regular and predictable motion.
B22. Explain the cause of day and night based on the rotation of Earth on its axis.
B23. Describe the monthly changes in the appearance of the moon, based on the moon’s orbit around the Earth.
5.4 - Humans have the capacity to build and use tools to advance the quality of their lives.
B25. Describe the uses of different instruments, such as eye glasses, magnifiers, periscopes and telescopes, to enhance our vision.
MA – Earth and Space Science, Grades 3 – 5
Weather
6. Explain how air temperature, moisture, wind speed and direction, and precipitation make up the weather in a particular place and time.
The Earth in the Solar System
13. Recognize that the earth is part of a system called the “solar system” that includes the sun (a star), planets, and many moons. The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system.
14. Recognize that the earth revolves around (orbits) the sun in a year’s time and that the earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours. Make connections between the rotation of the earth and day/night, and the apparent movement of the sun, moon, and stars across the sky.
15. Describe the changes that occur in the observable shape of the moon over the course of a month.
MA – Physical Science (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 3 – 5
Light Energy
12. Recognize that light energy travels in a straight line until it strikes and object or travels from one medium to another, and that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
NY – Standard 4 – Science (Elementary)
Physical Setting
1. The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
Students:
- describe patterns of daily, monthly, and seasonal changes in their environment.
5. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
Students:
- describe the effects of common forces (pushes and pulls) on objects, such as those caused by gravity, magnetism, and mechanical forces.
CT - Grades 6-8 Core Scientific Inquiry, Literacy and Numeracy
6.3 - Variations in the amount of the sun’s energy hitting the Earth’s surface affect daily and seasonal weather patterns.
C8. Explain how local weather conditions are related to the temperature, pressure and water content of the atmosphere and the proximity to a large body of water.
8.3 - The solar system is composed of planets and other objects that orbit the sun.
C28. Explain the effect of gravity on the orbital movement of planets in the solar system.
C29. Explain how the regular motion and relative position of the sun, Earth and moon affect the seasons, phases of the moon and eclipses.
MA – Earth and Space Science, Grades 6 – 8
The Earth in the Solar System
8. Recognize that gravity is a force that pulls all things on and near the earth toward the center of the earth. Gravity plays a major role in the formation of the planets, stars, and solar system and in determining their motions.
9. Describe lunar and solar eclipses, the observed moon phases, and tides. Relate them to the relative positions of the earth, moon, and sun.
10. Compare and contrast properties and conditions of objects in the solar system (i.e., sun, planets, and moons) to those on Earth (i.e., gravitational force, distance from the sun, speed, movement, temperature, and atmospheric conditions).
11. Explain how the tilt of the earth and its revolution around the sun result in an uneven heating of the earth, which in turn causes the seasons.
NY – Standard 4 – Science (Intermediate)
Physical Setting
1. The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
Students:
- explain daily, monthly, and seasonal changes on earth.
5. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
Students:
- describe different patterns of motion of objects.
- observe, describe, and compare effects of forces (gravity, electric current, and magnetism) on the motion of objects.
CT – High School Earth Science
Earth’s Place in the Universe
- The sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium.
Energy in the Earth Systems
- The sun is a major source of energy for Earth and other planets.
- Latitude, elevation, topography, proximity to large bodies of water, and cold or warm ocean currents affect the climate.
MA – Earth and Space Science, High School
1. Matter and Energy in the Earth System
Central Concepts: The entire Earth system and its various cycles are driven by energy. Earth has both internal and external sources of energy. Two fundamental energy concepts included in the Earth system are gravity and electromagnetism.
1.5 Explain how the revolution of Earth around the Sun and the inclination of Earth on its axis cause Earth’s seasonal variations (equinoxes and solstices).
4. The Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Central Concepts: The origin of the universe, between 14 and 15 billion years ago, still remains one of the greatest questions in science. Gravity influences the formation and life cycles of galaxies, including our own Milky Way Galaxy; stars; planetary systems; and residual material left from the creation of the solar system.
4.2 Describe the influence of gravity and inertia on the rotation and revolution of orbiting bodies. Explain the Sun-Earth-moon relationships (e.g., day, year, solar/lunar eclipses, tides).
NY – Standard 4 – Science (Commencement)
Physical Setting
1. The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
Students:
- explain complex phenomena, such as tides, variations in day length, solar insolation, apparent motion of the planets, and annual traverse of the constellations.
- describe current theories about the origin of the universe and solar system.
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